Health Canada is aware of international reports of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections that have been confirmed to be associated with the heater-cooler devices used in cardiothoracic surgery. Footnote 1 Recently, Health Canada has received Canadian reports of possible NTM infections in patients with a history of cardiothoracic surgery involving the use of heater-cooler devices. The root causes for these cases are under investigation.